a

Dr. George Ioannidis
CONSULTANT OBSTETRICIAN & GYNAECOLOGIST
FERTILITY AND IVF SPECIALIST

Director GONIMOTIS Reproductive Centre
v. Scientific Director Institute of LIFE MHTERA Hospital IVF Unit

Dr. Alexandra Georgakopoulou
CONSULTANT OBSTETRICIAN & GYNAECOLOGIST
FETAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST

Scientific Director GONIMOTIS Ultrasound Centre
Scientific Collaborator MHTERA Hospital Fetal Medicine Unit.

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Address:    Monis Petraki 5, Kolonaki, Athens
Tel:    +30 210 7222442-443
Fax:    +30 210 7222615
Email:  info@gonimotis.gr

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      • Why do I need a sperm analysis (spermiogram)?
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      • Cryopreservation – freezing of embryos (vitrification)
      • Poor Ovarian Response
      • Early Ovarian Insufficiency «DHEA treatment»
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
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      • Success rates Legislation
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      • IMSI Microfertilization
      • PICSI (physiological ICSI)
      • Embryonic metabolic profile screening- metabolomics
      • Embryonic time – lapse monitoring
    • EGG DONATION
    • FERTILITY CONSERVATION
      • Fertility preservation in women
      • Fertility conservation in men
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      • Diagnostic hysteroscopy
      • Office hysteroscopy
      • Hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps
      • Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids
      • Hysteroscopic uterine septum resection
      • Hysteroscopic treatment of endometrial adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
    • LAPAROSCOPY
      • Diagnostic laparoscopy
      • Laparoscopic fibroidectomy
      • Laparoscopic removing benign ovarian cysts
      • Laparoscopic endometriosis treatment
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      • Single port laparoscopy – LESS
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Contact us
logo dark logo
  • Our Team
    • Dr. IOANNIDIS CV
    • Dr. GEORGAKOPOULOU CV
    • OUR TEAM
    • OUR SERVICES
    • WHY TO TRUST US
    • OUR FACILITIES
    • TESTIMONIALS
  • Fertility
    • WOMAN’S FERTILITY
      • Menstrual cycle
      • Ways to control ovulation
      • Age and fertility
      • Fertility following contraception
      • Previous pregnancies
      • Polycystic ovary syndrome
      • Endometriosis
      • Uterine fibroids
      • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
    • MAN’S FERTILITY
      • Understanding fertility in men
      • Sperm disorders
      • Sperm screening testing
    • PLANNING PREGNANCY
      • Examinations before conception
      • Health before pregnancy
      • Alternative therapies
      • Increase your fertility
      • Why is age so important?
    • INFERTILITY
      • When should I consult the gynecologist?
      • Causes of infertility
      • Overcoming infertility
    • MISCARRIAGE
      • What causes miscarriage?
      • Miscarriages due to problems of the embryo
      • Miscarriages due to problems of the mother
      • NK cells & lymphocyte immunization therapy
      • What should I do after a miscarriage
  • Infertility Treatments
    • BEGINNING
      • The first appointment with the physician
      • Preparing for the treatment
    • FERTILITY TESTS FOR WOMEN
      • Introduction
      • Anti-myelin hormone (AMH) – ovarian reserve test
    • FERTILITY TESTS FOR MEN
      • Why do I need a sperm analysis (spermiogram)?
      • Sperm DNA fragmentation test
    • SURGERY INFERTILITY TREATMENTS
      • Fertility Surgery in Women
      • Fertility Surgery in Men
    • OVULATION INDUCTION
    • INSEMINATION
    • IVF – IN VITRO FERTILISATION
      • Preparing for the treatment
      • Ovarian stimulation protocols
      • IVF on a natural cycle
      • Egg retrieval Sperm Collection Conventional IVF fertilization ICSI Microfertilization
      • Embryo transfer Blastocyst
      • Assisted hatching
      • Cryopreservation – freezing of embryos (vitrification)
      • Poor Ovarian Response
      • Early Ovarian Insufficiency «DHEA treatment»
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
      • IVF on a natural cycle and cancer
      • The health of the children born following an IVF treatment
      • Success rates Legislation
    • PGD PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS (Pre Genetic Diagnosis)
    • ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
      • IMSI Microfertilization
      • PICSI (physiological ICSI)
      • Embryonic metabolic profile screening- metabolomics
      • Embryonic time – lapse monitoring
    • EGG DONATION
    • FERTILITY CONSERVATION
      • Fertility preservation in women
      • Fertility conservation in men
  • Reproductive Surgery
    • HYSTEROSCOPY
      • Diagnostic hysteroscopy
      • Office hysteroscopy
      • Hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps
      • Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids
      • Hysteroscopic uterine septum resection
      • Hysteroscopic treatment of endometrial adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
    • LAPAROSCOPY
      • Diagnostic laparoscopy
      • Laparoscopic fibroidectomy
      • Laparoscopic removing benign ovarian cysts
      • Laparoscopic endometriosis treatment
      • Laparoscopic adhesions lysis
      • Laparoscopic surgery of fallopian tubes
      • Single port laparoscopy – LESS
    • ROBOT ASSISTED-SURGERY
      • What is robot-assisted surgery?
      • Robot- assisted surgery and infertility treatment
  • Fetal Medicine
    • EARLY PREGNANCY ULTRASOUND
    • NUCHAL TRANSLUCENCY SCAN
    • ANOMALY SCAN
    • PREGNANCY DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
    • 3D PREGNANCY ULTRASOUND
    • CHORIONIC VILLOUS SAMPLING (CVS)
    • AMNIOCENTESIS
    • NON INVASIVE GENETIC TEST
  • Information
    • PHOTO GALLERY
      • Press
      • In-vitro fertilisation
      • Photo gallery
    • VIDEO GALLERY
      • In-vitro fertilisation
      • Hysteroscopy surgery
      • Laparoscopy surgery
    • NEWS
    • LECTURES / PRESENTATIONS
    • TV / RADIO
  • EN
    • EL
Contact us
Mobile Logo
  • Our Team
    • Dr. IOANNIDIS CV
    • Dr. GEORGAKOPOULOU CV
    • OUR TEAM
    • OUR SERVICES
    • WHY TO TRUST US
    • OUR FACILITIES
    • TESTIMONIALS
  • Fertility
    • WOMAN’S FERTILITY
      • Menstrual cycle
      • Ways to control ovulation
      • Age and fertility
      • Fertility following contraception
      • Previous pregnancies
      • Polycystic ovary syndrome
      • Endometriosis
      • Uterine fibroids
      • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
    • MAN’S FERTILITY
      • Understanding fertility in men
      • Sperm disorders
      • Sperm screening testing
    • PLANNING PREGNANCY
      • Examinations before conception
      • Health before pregnancy
      • Alternative therapies
      • Increase your fertility
      • Why is age so important?
    • INFERTILITY
      • When should I consult the gynecologist?
      • Causes of infertility
      • Overcoming infertility
    • MISCARRIAGE
      • What causes miscarriage?
      • Miscarriages due to problems of the embryo
      • Miscarriages due to problems of the mother
      • NK cells & lymphocyte immunization therapy
      • What should I do after a miscarriage
  • Infertility Treatments
    • BEGINNING
      • The first appointment with the physician
      • Preparing for the treatment
    • FERTILITY TESTS FOR WOMEN
      • Introduction
      • Anti-myelin hormone (AMH) – ovarian reserve test
    • FERTILITY TESTS FOR MEN
      • Why do I need a sperm analysis (spermiogram)?
      • Sperm DNA fragmentation test
    • SURGERY INFERTILITY TREATMENTS
      • Fertility Surgery in Women
      • Fertility Surgery in Men
    • OVULATION INDUCTION
    • INSEMINATION
    • IVF – IN VITRO FERTILISATION
      • Preparing for the treatment
      • Ovarian stimulation protocols
      • IVF on a natural cycle
      • Egg retrieval Sperm Collection Conventional IVF fertilization ICSI Microfertilization
      • Embryo transfer Blastocyst
      • Assisted hatching
      • Cryopreservation – freezing of embryos (vitrification)
      • Poor Ovarian Response
      • Early Ovarian Insufficiency «DHEA treatment»
      • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
      • IVF on a natural cycle and cancer
      • The health of the children born following an IVF treatment
      • Success rates Legislation
    • PGD PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS (Pre Genetic Diagnosis)
    • ADVANCED TECHNIQUES
      • IMSI Microfertilization
      • PICSI (physiological ICSI)
      • Embryonic metabolic profile screening- metabolomics
      • Embryonic time – lapse monitoring
    • EGG DONATION
    • FERTILITY CONSERVATION
      • Fertility preservation in women
      • Fertility conservation in men
  • Reproductive Surgery
    • HYSTEROSCOPY
      • Diagnostic hysteroscopy
      • Office hysteroscopy
      • Hysteroscopic resection of endometrial polyps
      • Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids
      • Hysteroscopic uterine septum resection
      • Hysteroscopic treatment of endometrial adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
    • LAPAROSCOPY
      • Diagnostic laparoscopy
      • Laparoscopic fibroidectomy
      • Laparoscopic removing benign ovarian cysts
      • Laparoscopic endometriosis treatment
      • Laparoscopic adhesions lysis
      • Laparoscopic surgery of fallopian tubes
      • Single port laparoscopy – LESS
    • ROBOT ASSISTED-SURGERY
      • What is robot-assisted surgery?
      • Robot- assisted surgery and infertility treatment
  • Fetal Medicine
    • EARLY PREGNANCY ULTRASOUND
    • NUCHAL TRANSLUCENCY SCAN
    • ANOMALY SCAN
    • PREGNANCY DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
    • 3D PREGNANCY ULTRASOUND
    • CHORIONIC VILLOUS SAMPLING (CVS)
    • AMNIOCENTESIS
    • NON INVASIVE GENETIC TEST
  • Information
    • PHOTO GALLERY
      • Press
      • In-vitro fertilisation
      • Photo gallery
    • VIDEO GALLERY
      • In-vitro fertilisation
      • Hysteroscopy surgery
      • Laparoscopy surgery
    • NEWS
    • LECTURES / PRESENTATIONS
    • TV / RADIO
  • EN
    • EL

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Home  /  Fertility  /  NK cells & lymphocyte immunization therapy
  • WOMAN’S FERTILITY
    • Menstrual cycle
    • Ways to control ovulation
    • Fertility following contraception
    • Age and fertility
    • Previous pregnancies
    • Polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Endometriosis
    • Uterine fibroids
    • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
  • MAN’S FERTILITY
    • Understanding fertility in men
    • Sperm disorders
    • Sperm screening testing
  • PLANNING PREGNACY
    • Examinations before conception
    • Health before pregnancy
    • Alternative therapies
    • Increase your fertility
    • Why is age so important?
  • INFERTILITY
    • When should I consult the gynecologist?
    • Causes of infertility
    • Overcoming infertility
  • MISCARRIAGE
    • What causes miscarriage?
    • Miscarriages due to problems of the embryo
    • Miscarriages due to problems of the mother
    • NK cells & lymphocyte immunization therapy
    • What should I do after a miscarriage

    Ask the Doctor




    Fertility

    NK cells & εμβόλια λεμφοκυττάρων

    Natural killer cells (NK cells) are immune cells that help fight body infections. There is the theory – belief that NK cells can attack the embryo considering it as the attacker and kill it by miscarriage. Scientists in favor of this theory recommend the measurement of NK cells in the blood and if their count is found high, the use of drugs to suppress the action of these cells. However, the majority of the medical community worldwide is questioning this approach, because it has not shed light on whether the NK cells in the blood can attack the embryo and lead to miscarriage.

     

    NK-parental cells

    NK cells circulating in the blood are a type of lymphocytes (immune cell). But there are also different forms of NK cells found on the uterine surface lining the uterine cavity, which resemble blood NK cells and are called uterine NK cells.

    These cells present significant differences between them:

    NK maternal tissues are not found in the blood, but only appear in the lining of the uterus during pregnancy while the embryo is already implanted. Therefore, measuring the NK cells in the blood, does not give us any clues about the uterine NK.

    There is no evidence that maternal NK are damaging and can turn against the placenta or the embryo.

    But what do the NK cells of the uterus do? They have been shown to appear on the uterine wall during embryo implantation and during the first months of pregnancy and appear to help placental attachment to blood vessels and the creation of a healthy blood supply line for the embryo.

    Supporters of KN cell theory believe that by measuring blood levels of NK, if they prove to be high, they can kill the embryo. There is no strong evidence in the world literature that the number and activity of NK cells in the blood can be correlated with the number and activity of uterine NK cells.

    Therefore, examining NK cell levels in the blood and their association with uterine NK is partially arbitrary.

    In addition, there are no internationally recognized normal values for NK cells in the uterus. It is therefore wrong to collect the blood of the period to determine the NK cells in it. There is no correlation with venous blood and the measurements are arbitrary.

     

    Immune therapies

    These are therapies that aim at “suppressing NK cells” and include:

    • High doses of cortisone (corticosteroids):

    The American Committee for the Safety of Medicines reports that corticosteroids taken during pregnancy may increase the risk of residual growth of the embryo. A large Canadian study has also shown that the use of cortisone in the first trimester of pregnancy has not prevented early miscarriages, while increasing the risk of preeclampsia and diabetes in pregnancy and premature birth.

    • Intravenous administration of immunoglobulin (immunization)

    These therapies are not approved by the World Health Organization, as there is no generally accepted scientific explanation for any benefits they may have in reproductive medicine.

    This immunization (not vaccination) consist of the male partner’s serum and lymphocytes to supposedly immunize the woman against the embryos from his semen. If this is not successful some people even go on to use blood from other women or other men.

    The use of these “vaccines” can lead to side effects such as headache, muscle aches, fever, chills, back pain, thrombosis (blood clots), kidney failure and allergy. If donor blood has been used, there is a risk of infection with hepatitis, AIDS or CJW disease (mad cow disease).

    Both the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG)link] and the British Fertility Society (BFS) [link] have published guidelines on immune therapies and the lack of documentation on their implementation. Both bodies conclude that the manufacture and use of these therapies:

    Has not well documented scientifically

    Is not internationally certified

    Has no statistically proven results

    It is only allowed under certified research protocols where patients are informed about the risks and sign a formal consent by taking responsibility for possible side effects

     

    What do I advise you?

    Couples suffering from repeated miscarriages or repeated incomplete IVFs are vulnerable to undergo “treatments” that are not sound and scientifically acceptable.

    I would advise you to be very careful and cautious when someone is suggesting such treatments to you. My personal view is that only a very limited number of couples could benefit from this treatment


    Widget Image

    Dr. George Ioannidis
    CONSULTANT OBSTETRICIAN & GYNAECOLOGIST
    FERTILITY AND IVF SPECIALIST

    Director GONIMOTIS Reproductive Centre
    Scientific Director Institute of LIFE MHTERA Hospital IVF Unit

    Member of the Scientific Board MITERA Hospital

    Dr. Alexandra Georgakopoulou
    CONSULTANT OBSTETRICIAN & GYNAECOLOGIST
    FETAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST

    Scientific Director GONIMOTIS Ultrasound Centre
    Scientific Collaborator MHTERA Hospital Fetal Medicine Unit

    CONTACT US

    Address:   Monis Petraki 5, Kolonaki, Athens
    Tel:   +30 210 7222442-443
    Fax:  +30 210 7222615
    Email: info@gonimotis.gr

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